Tanker Tracking

Since the brutal October 7 attack by Iran-backed Hamas, the Biden Administration has noticeably ramped up sanctions on “Ghost Fleet” tankers. As of October 28, 2024, a total of 98 tankers were sanctioned during the preceding twelve months. 

On September 25, the United States slapped more sanctions on entities and individuals connected to Iran's petroleum sector—by far the regime’s most important financial lifeline. The U.S.

On August 7, Israel’s National Bureau for Counter-Terror Financing (NBCTF), part of the Ministry of Defense, sanctioned 18 tankers for their involvement in the illicit trade of Iranian oil, marking Israel’s first-ever shipping sanctions.  Several of the vessels—with a total deadweight of almost 1.88 million tons—were engaged in “dark” (i.e., transponder-disabled) ship-to-ship (STS) transfers with another U.S.-sanctioned vessel off the Syrian coast. According to Israeli officials, these oil sales were likely overseen by the IRGC-Quds Force.

In the complex world of maritime trade, Protection and Indemnity (P&I) clubs play a crucial role. As large pooled mutual insurance organizations, they provide coverage for a wide range of risks that traditional marine insurers would be hesitant to cover, including environmental damage like oil spills, war-related risks, cargo damage claims, and crew injuries. Absent this insurance, vessels cannot legally operate in international waters. 

For more than six years, through dozens of private letters and a lot of public exposure, UANI has led the campaign to compel Panama to stop flagging vessels involved in transporting Iran’s sanctioned oil.  Evidently, our efforts have begun to bear fruit: since January 2024, the Maritime Authority of Panama (AMP) has deleted some 109 vessels from its registry.

As the U.S. continues to apply sanctions aimed at curbing Iranian oil exports—most recently on June 25—the regime in Tehran continues to get around them. One underreported tactic involves using Chinese shipyards to repair and maintain its fleet of tankers.

In this month’s update, we note with approval that the Panama Maritime Authority is making significant progress in cleaning up its registry by deleting at least 32 vessels suspected of transporting Iranian oil. This has been a key request from United Against Nuclear Iran (UANI) since 2020. Panama’s proactive measures represent a step toward curbing Iran’s deceptive shipping practices and cutting off a vital revenue stream used to fund its terrorist activities. Nonetheless, at least 130 vessels on the Panama registry require further scrutiny and potential action. 

U.S. and European economic restrictions have been in place on Syria since 2011, including measures prohibiting most oil trade with Syria. Despite this, Syria has been a consistent top-five destination for U.S.-sanctioned Iranian oil since at least 2011. Some 8 percent of total Iranian oil exports end up in Syria—a lot of it forwarded to Hezbollah in Lebanon—facilitated by IRGC smuggling networks.

Just as travelers may not generally enter other countries without a valid passport, ships may not dock at foreign ports without a recognized flag. So it was a significant step this month when the U.S.

The striking divergence between U.S. oil policy on Russia versus Iran was borne out again this month.