Hamas’s Economic Portrait—in a Beautiful Frame from the Bank of Israel

According to Daniel Roth of United Against Nuclear Iran, Hamas received up to $450 million a year in taxes before the war, ranging from border crossing fees ($500 million annually) to customs duties ($14 million monthly at one checkpoint), business permits, exchange commissions, and more. These taxes account for approximately half of all income for Gaza residents and businesses. All of this is in Israeli shekels, which Hamas then converts into dollars.